Australia boasts a population just over 21 million, with approximately 60% of the population concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide. Australia has nearly 21,000 miles of coastline on the mainland, off which, the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies just to the north-east coast and extends for over 1,200 miles. New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean southeast of Australia. Its latitude corresponds closely to that of Italy; However, its isolation from continental influences and exposure to cold southerly winds and ocean currents gives the climate a much milder character. The climate throughout the country is mild and temperate, mainly maritime, with temperatures rarely falling below 32 °F or rising above 86 °F.